UNIT 1: The Living World
Q1. What is taxonomy?
A. Science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms.
Q2. Who introduced the binomial nomenclature system?
A. Carolus Linnaeus.
Q3. Define species.
A. A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.
Q4. Arrange taxonomic hierarchy in ascending order.
A. Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom.
Q5. What is a type specimen?
A. The specimen selected to represent a species in classification.
UNIT 2: Biological Classification
Q1. Who proposed the five-kingdom classification?
A. R.H. Whittaker (1969).
Q2. Name the five kingdoms.
A. Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.
Q3. Give examples of monerans.
A. Bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), mycoplasma.
Q4. What are archaebacteria?
A. Primitive bacteria that live in extreme conditions — e.g., Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles.
Q5. Which kingdom has organisms with both autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition?
A. Protista.
UNIT 3: Plant Kingdom
Q1. What is the dominant phase in bryophytes?
A. Gametophyte.
Q2. What is the plant body of algae called?
A. Thallus.
Q3. Name one example each of red, brown, and green algae.
A. Polysiphonia, Fucus, Ulva.
Q4. Which plant group is called “amphibians of the plant kingdom”?
A. Bryophytes.
Q5. What are heterosporous pteridophytes?
A. Those producing two types of spores — microspores and megaspores (e.g., Selaginella).
UNIT 4: Animal Kingdom
Q1. What is the level of organization in Porifera?
A. Cellular level.
Q2. Name diploblastic animals.
A. Cnidaria (Hydra, Jellyfish).
Q3. What is metamerism?
A. Segmentation of body into repetitive units (e.g., Earthworm).
Q4. Which phylum includes both open and closed circulatory systems?
A. Annelida.
Q5. What is the distinguishing feature of Chordates?
A. Presence of notochord, dorsal nerve cord, and pharyngeal gill slits (at some stage).
UNIT 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
Q1. What is a taproot?
A. Primary root that grows directly from the radicle.
Q2. What are adventitious roots?
A. Roots that arise from parts other than the radicle (e.g., in grasses, banyan).
Q3. Name the modification of stem for food storage.
A. Tuber (Potato).
Q4. Define inflorescence.
A. Arrangement of flowers on the floral axis.
Q5. What is the function of the pericarp?
A. Protects the seed; may be fused with the seed coat (as in maize).
UNIT 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Q1. What is the outermost layer of the plant body?
A. Epidermis.
Q2. What is xylem composed of?
A. Tracheids, vessels, xylem fibres, xylem parenchyma.
Q3. Which meristem causes increase in length?
A. Apical meristem.
Q4. What is periderm?
A. Protective tissue formed during secondary growth (phellogen, phellem, phelloderm).
Q5. What are companion cells associated with?
A. Sieve tube elements in phloem.
UNIT 7: Structural Organisation in Animals
Q1. Name the epithelial tissue specialized for absorption.
A. Columnar epithelium.
Q2. What is the contractile unit of muscle?
A. Sarcomere.
Q3. What is the function of areolar connective tissue?
A. Binds skin to underlying organs.
Q4. Name the protein present in bone matrix.
A. Ossein.
Q5. Which type of neuron has one axon and one dendrite?
A. Bipolar neuron.
UNIT 8: Cell – The Unit of Life
Q1. Who discovered the cell?
A. Robert Hooke (1665).
Q2. What are prokaryotic cells?
A. Cells without a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Q3. What is the function of ribosomes?
A. Protein synthesis.
Q4. What is the function of lysosomes?
A. Intracellular digestion (contain hydrolytic enzymes).
Q5. What are plasmodesmata?
A. Cytoplasmic connections between adjacent plant cells.
UNIT 9: Biomolecules
Q1. What are the building blocks of proteins?
A. Amino acids.
Q2. Name the polysaccharide stored in animals.
A. Glycogen.
Q3. What are enzymes chemically?
A. Proteins.
Q4. Which bond joins two monosaccharides?
A. Glycosidic bond.
Q5. What is the most abundant biomolecule on Earth?
A. Cellulose.
UNIT 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Q1. What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?
A. Interphase and M phase.
Q2. In which phase does DNA replication occur?
A. S phase (Synthesis phase).
Q3. What is the significance of mitosis?
A. Produces identical daughter cells for growth and repair.
Q4. What happens during crossing over?
A. Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes in Prophase I.
Q5. How many daughter cells are formed after meiosis?
A. Four haploid cells.
No comments:
Post a Comment