The two main stages of photosynthesis are:
Light-dependent stage (Light reaction):
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Occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
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Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).
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Oxygen is released from the splitting of water (photolysis).
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Light-independent stage (Dark reaction or Calvin cycle):
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Occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts.
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Uses ATP and NADPH (from the light reaction) to fix carbon dioxide (CO₂) and form glucose.
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Does not require light directly.
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